A tracheostomy is usually done for one of several reasons: to bypass an obstructed upper airway (an object obstructing the upper airway will prevent oxygen from the mouth to reach the lungs); to clean and remove secretions from the airway; prolonged mechanical ventilation (breathing machine); and. A tracheostomy is a surgically created hole (stoma) in your windpipe (trachea) that provides an alternative airway for breathing. A tracheostomy tube is inserted through the hole and secured in place with a strap around your neck. A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that involves making a cut in the trachea (windpipe) and inserting a tube into the opening. A tracheostomy may be temporary or permanent, depending on the reason for its use. Certain groups, including babies, smokers and the elderly, are more vulnerable to complications